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Frank Donner (November 25, 1911 – June 10, 1993) was a civil liberties lawyer, author and the director of the American Civil Liberties Union's (ACLU) Project on Political Surveillance. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Donner earned both his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Wisconsin and a law degree from Columbia University. Donner worked for the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) from 1940 to 1945 before leaving for private practice, primarily representing the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America and the United Steelworkers of America. With attorneys Arthur Kinoy and Marshall Perlin he founded the New York firm Donner, Kinoy & Perlin, which specialized in representing progressive and leftist clients, including Soviet spy Morton Sobell and the Labor Youth League. In the 1950s, the firm represented numerous individuals, including labor officials, who refused to take loyalty oaths or to testify on their membership in communist organizations, as well as several who were prosecuted under the Smith Act.〔Red Scare in Court, ''Arthur J. Sabin'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, page 41-44〕〔Transcript of one HUAC hearing https://archive.org/stream/investigationofc5609unit/investigationofc5609unit_djvu.txt〕 Donner, himself, was brought before the House Committee on Un-American Activities in 1956, accused of membership in a Communist cell within the NLRB in the 1940s. He refused to testify, invoking his fifth amendment rights.〔''The Making of the National Labor Relations Board'', James A. Gross, SUNY Press, 1974, page 324〕〔Report by the House Committee on Un-American Activities, Feb. 16, 1959 https://archive.org/stream/communistlegalsu1959unit/communistlegalsu1959unit_djvu.txt〕 Donner was a board member for the National Lawyers Guild. Beginning in 1980, Donner headed the Project on Political Surveillance for the ACLU. During that time he wrote several books outlining official use of domestic surveillance and the use of Red Squads, programs like COINTELPRO, and other agencies to infiltrate organizations suspected of political dissent. Donner also cited the government's use of scapegoats to divert attention from government criticism onto other political groups. ==Bibliography== * (1961) The Un-Americans * (1971) Theory and Practice of American Political Intelligence, in the New York Review of Books * (1980) The Age of Surveillance: The Aims & Methods of America's Political Intelligence System * (1991) Protectors of Privilege: Red Squads and Political Repression in Urban America 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frank Donner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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